Now accepting submissions
Culture, Education, and Future
e‑ISSN 2980-2741 Open Access · CC BY 4.0
Vol. 3 · Issue 2 · 2025 Oct 17, 2025 Articles

From colonial roots to decolonial futures: Transforming national identity and global engagement in Chilean universities

C
Carolina Guzman Valenzuela Corresponding Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona carolina.guzman.uta@gmail.com Spain
Pages246-259 PublishedOct 17, 2025 LicenseOpen Access
PDF
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): CEF Journal
VOL 3 · NO 2 · 2025 CEF Journal View issue

Abstract

The paper addresses the critical challenge of decolonising universities in Chile, situating the discourse within the nation's historical trajectory and its engagement with global academic pressures. It examines how Chilean universities, historically central to nation-state-building and reflective of broader Latin American patterns, are now at a crossroads, grappling with the preservation of national identity, engagement with the global knowledge economy, and the need to address epistemic injustices rooted in colonial legacies and neoliberal agendas. Drawing on decolonial theory and Escobar's concept of the pluriverse, the paper reimagines Chilean universities as transformative spaces that resist colonial legacies while promoting inclusivity and equity in curriculum, research, governance, and social engagement. This idea challenges the commodification of education tied to global rankings and envisions a system where local and national identities align with global academic aspirations. The analysis offers nuanced insights into the decolonisation of higher education and proposes a transformative framework for Chilean universities to address these tensions.

Keywords

References

  1. Abramo, L. (2022). Racial inequalities as a structuring axis of social inequality in Latin America and the Afro-descendant population. In Persistence and emergencies of inequalities in Latin America: A multidimensional approach (pp. 167–184). Springer International Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90495-1_10
  2. Altbach, P. G., Reisberg, L., & Rumbley, L. E. (2019). Trends in global higher education: Tracking an academic revolution (Vol. 22). Brill.
  3. Arocena, R., & Sutz, J. (2005). Latin American universities: From an original revolution to an uncertain transition. Higher Education, 50, 573–592. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-004-6367-8
  4. Bernasconi, A. (2008). Is there a Latin American model of the university? Comparative Education Review, 52(1), 27–52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/524305
  5. Blandford, A. H., & Flores, C. M. (2022). Educación superior en universidades interculturales y comunitarias: Una mirada al marco legal y políticas públicas en Centroamérica. Revista Educación Superior y Sociedad (ESS), 34(1), 586–609. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54674/ess.v34i1.380
  6. Brennan, J., Cochrane, A., Lebeau, Y., & Williams, R. (2018). The university in its place: Social and cultural perspectives on the regional role of universities. Springer.
  7. Calderon, A. (2021). The geopolitics of university rankings: Not all regions and university networks stand equal. In Research handbook on university rankings (pp. 382–398). Edward Elgar Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788974981.00040
  8. Chiappa, R., & Finardi, K. R. (2021). Coloniality prints in internationalization of higher education: The case of Brazilian and Chilean international scholarships. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South, 5(1), 25–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/sotls.v5i1.168
  9. Clasing, P. (2022). The promise of free tuition: The case of Chile [Doctoral dissertation].
  10. Connell, R. (2014). Using southern theory: Decolonizing social thought in theory, research and application. Planning Theory, 13(2), 210–223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095213499216
  11. Dawson, M. C. (2020). Rehumanising the university for an alternative future: Decolonisation, alternative epistemologies and cognitive justice. Identities, 27(1), 71–90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2019.1611072
  12. de Carvalho, J. J. (2022). The meeting of knowledges in the universities: A movement to decolonise the eurocentric academic curriculum in Latin America. In The Routledge companion to architectural pedagogies of the Global South (pp. 67–76). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003018841-7
  13. de Oliveira Andreotti, V., Stein, S., Ahenakew, C., & Hunt, D. (2015). Mapping interpretations of decolonization in the context of higher education. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society, 4(1).
  14. De Wit, H., & Altbach, P. G. (2021). Internationalization in higher education: Global trends and recommendations for its future. Policy Reviews in Higher Education, 5(1), 28–46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23322969.2020.1820898
  15. Dietz, G., & Mateos Cortes, L. S. (2020). Between community and university: A collaborative ethnography with young graduates from a Mexican intercultural university. AIBR. Revista de Antropología Iberoamericana, 15(2), 273–298. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11156/aibr.150205e
  16. Donovan, C. (2016). From multiversity to postmodern university. In Routledge handbook of the sociology of higher education (pp. 85–93). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315772233-8
  17. Escobar, A. (2013). Worlds and knowledges otherwise: The Latin American modernity/coloniality research program. In Globalization and the decolonial option (pp. 33–64). Routledge.
  18. Feyen, J., & van-Hoof, H. (2013). An analysis of the relationship between higher education performance and socio-economic and technological indicators: The Latin American case study. Maskana, 4(2), 1–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18537/mskn.04.02.01
  19. Fleet, M., & Smith, B. H. (2015). The Catholic church and democracy in Chile and Peru. University of Notre Dame Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpj79tq
  20. Flores, I. O. (2023). Economía social y solidaria en las universidades interculturales de México: Una propuesta económica alternativa. Revista Científica Arbitrada de la Fundación MenteClara, 8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32351/rca.v8.347
  21. Garretón, M. A. (2005). Social sciences and society in Chile: Institutionalization, breakdown and rebirth. Social Science Information, 44(2-3), 359–409. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018405053292
  22. Gopal, P. (2021). On decolonisation and the university. Textual Practice, 35(6), 873–899. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0950236X.2021.1929561
  23. Guzmán-Valenzuela, C. (2021). Disrupting curricula and pedagogies in Latin American universities: six criteria for decolonising the university. Teaching in Higher Education, 26(7–8), 1019–1037. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2021.1935846 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2021.1935846
  24. Guzmán-Valenzuela, C. (2023). Dismantling new and old forms of colonialism: Border thinking in Latin American universities. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 21(2), 187-203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2022.2095988
  25. Guzmán-Valenzuela, C. (2025). Navigating public goods: Chilean public universities and their transformative role in Latin America. Higher Education, 89(1), 147-165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-024-01298-8
  26. Guzmán-Valenzuela, C. (2025). Unveiling the mainstream narrative and embracing critical voices in the era of internationalisation in higher education: considerations from Latin America. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 55(2), 260-278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2023.2254209
  27. Guzmán-Valenzuela, C., & Barnett, R. (2024). The Dissolution and Reemergence of the Public University Amid Changing State-University Relationships: The Chilean Case. Higher Education Policy, 1-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-024-00366-z
  28. Guzmán-Valenzuela, C., Barnett, R., Zavala, R., & Morales, K. (2022). The state, public universities and public goods: Time for a new settlement—the case of Chile. Higher Education Policy, 35(2), 375-396. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-020-00216-8
  29. Guzmán-Valenzuela, C., Chiappa, R., & Gómez-González, C. (2025). Transforming regional higher education: the decolonising role of Indigenous-inspired universities in Latin America. International Journal of Educational Research, 133, 102731. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2025.102731
  30. Guzmán-Valenzuela, C., Ortega, L., Montero, M., & Perez Mejias, P. (2023). The new knowledge production in the social sciences and in the arts and humanities in Latin America. Higher Education, 85(3), 587-612. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00853-5
  31. Gyamera, G. O., & Burke, P. J. (2018). Neoliberalism and curriculum in higher education: A post-colonial analyses. Teaching in Higher Education, 23(4), 450–467. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2017.1414782
  32. Hazelkorn, E. (2011). Measuring world-class excellence and the global obsession with rankings. In Handbook on globalization and higher education. Edward Elgar Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936233.00040
  33. Kerr, C. (2023). The multiversity. City of intellect: The uses and abuses of the university.
  34. Klaiber, J. (2009). The Catholic Church, moral education and citizenship in Latin America. Journal of Moral Education, 38(4), 407–420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240903321899
  35. Kochetkov, D. (2024). University rankings in the context of research evaluation: A state-of-the-art review. Quantitative Science Studies, 1–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/hykze
  36. Krainer, A., Aguirre, D., Guerra, M., & Meiser, A. (2017). Educación superior intercultural y diálogo de saberes: El caso de la Amawtay Wasi en Ecuador. Revista de la Educación Superior, 46(184), 55–76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resu.2017.11.002
  37. Krebs, R., Munoz, M. A., & Valdivieso, P. (1993). Historia de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Ediciones Universidad Católica de Chile.
  38. Krücken, G. (2021). Multiple competitions in higher education: A conceptual approach. Innovation, 23(2), 163–181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2019.1684652
  39. Larrain, J. (2013). Identity and modernity in Latin America. John Wiley & Sons.
  40. Le Grange, L. (2020). Decolonising the university curriculum: The what, why and how. In Transnational education and curriculum studies (pp. 216–233). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351061629-14
  41. Levy, D. C. (1986). Higher education and the state in Latin America: Private challenges to public dominance. University of Chicago Press.
  42. Levy, D. C. (2018). Global private higher education: An empirical profile of its size and geographical shape. Higher Education, 76, 701–715. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-018-0233-6
  43. López, L. E. (2021). What is educación intercultural bilingüe in Latin America nowadays: Results and challenges. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 42(10), 955–968. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2020.1827646
  44. Maldonado-Maldonado, A., & Cortes, C. (2016). Latin American higher education, universities and worldwide rankings: The new conquest? In Global rankings and the geopolitics of higher education (pp. 186–201). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315738550-19
  45. Maldonado-Maldonado, A., & Cortes-Velasco, C. (2021). Why research matters: Latin America facing world-class universities and rankings. In Research handbook on university rankings (pp. 473–485). Edward Elgar Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788974981.00047
  46. Mamdani, M. (2019). Decolonising universities. Sharing knowledge transforming societies. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18772/22019083351.6
  47. Marginson, S., & Rhoades, G. (2002). Beyond national states, markets, and systems of higher education: A glonacal agency heuristic. Higher Education, 43, 281–309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014699605875
  48. Marín-Gutiérrez, M. P. (2016). Trayectorias, misiones e identidades de la Universidad latinoamericana. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 14(2), 1041–1053. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11600/1692715x.14211030815
  49. Mignolo, W. D., & Walsh, C. E. (2018). On decoloniality: Concepts, analytics, praxis. Duke University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822371779
  50. Miller, N. (2020). Republics of knowledge: Nations of the future in Latin America. Princeton University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691176758.001.0001
  51. Morello, G. (2021). Catholicism in context: Religious practice in Latin America. Journal of Global Catholicism, 6(1), 46–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32436/2475-6423.1104
  52. OECD. (2022). Education at a glance 2022: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/3197152b-en DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/3197152b-en
  53. Oregioni, F. (2019). Contributions to analyze internationalization of higher education in Latin America: A critical, reflexive, and decolonial approach. Revista Internacional de Educación Superior, 5, 1–18.
  54. Paco, D. G. (2020). Del discurso a la práctica. Los desafíos pendientes del proceso de Reingeniería Académica de la UNIBOL Quechua "Casimiro Huanca". Exlibris, (9), 50–63.
  55. Páez, A., Kremerman, M., & Sáez, B. (2016). Endeudar para gobernar y mercantilizar: El caso del CAE. Fundación Sol. https://fundacionsol.cl/cl_luzit_herramientas/static/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Estudio-CAE-20163-1.pdf
  56. Perales Franco, C., & McCowan, T. (2021). Rewiring higher education for the Sustainable Development Goals: The case of the Intercultural University of Veracruz, Mexico. Higher Education, 81, 69–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00525-2
  57. Quijano, A. (1993). Modernity, identity, and utopia in Latin America. Boundary 2, 20, 140–140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/303346
  58. Ramírez-Valdivia, M. T., & Latorre, P. (2022). The influence of national quality assurance policies on institutional planning for internationalization processes of Chilean universities. Quality Assurance in Education, 30(3), 387–400. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/QAE-08-2021-0127
  59. Ruiz-Toledo, M., Ruff-Escobar, C., Benites, L., González, J. A., & Galindo-Villardón, M. P. (2021). The place of Latin American universities in international university rankings: A multivariate statistical analysis. In Perspectives and trends in education and technology: Selected papers from ICITED 2021 (pp. 163–181). Springer Singapore. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5063-5_14
  60. Sabzalieva, E., Gallegos, D., Yerovi Verano, C. A., Chacón, E., Mutize, T., Morales, D., & Cuadros, J. A. (2022). The right to higher education: A social justice perspective.
  61. Schmelkes, S. (2014). Indigenous students as graduates of higher education institutions in Mexico. In R. Cortina (Ed.), The education of indigenous citizens in Latin America (pp. 124–147). Multilingual Matters. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781783090969-008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781783090969-008
  62. Serrano, S. (2016). Universidad y nación: Chile en el siglo XIX. Editorial Universitaria de Chile.
  63. Shahjahan, R. A. (2016). International organizations (IOs), epistemic tools of influence, and the colonial geopolitics of knowledge production in higher education policy. Journal of Education Policy, 31(6), 694–710. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2016.1206623
  64. Shahjahan, R. A., & Baizhanov, S. (2023). Global university rankings and geopolitics of knowledge. International Encyclopedia of Education, 2, 1–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818630-5.08042-8
  65. Shahjahan, R. A., Blanco Ramirez, G., & Andreotti, V. D. O. (2017). Attempting to imagine the unimaginable: A decolonial reading of global university rankings. Comparative Education Review, 61(S1), S51–S73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/690457
  66. SIES. (2023). Matrícula en Educación Superior en Chile 2023. Ministerio de Educación. https://www.mifuturo.cl/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Matricula-_en_Educacion_Superior_2023_SIES.pdf
  67. SIES. (2024). Informe de Matrícula en Educación Superior en Chile 2024. Ministerio de Educación. https://educacionsuperior.mineduc.cl/wp-content/uploads/sites/49/2024/07/2024-MATRICULA-VF-1.pdf
  68. Simbürger, E., & Donoso, A. (2020). Key elements in the naturalisation of neoliberal discourse in higher education in Chile. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 41(4), 559–573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2018.1512953
  69. Simbürger, E., & Guzmán-Valenzuela, C. (2020). Framing educational policy discourse in neoliberal contexts: Debates around the public university in a Chilean newspaper. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 42(6), 634-649. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2019.1687267
  70. Smith, L. T. (2019). Decolonizing research: Indigenous storywork as methodology. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  71. Tünnermann Bernheim, C. (2003). La universidad latinoamericana ante los retos del siglo XXI. UDUAL.
  72. Véliz, D., & Marshall, P. (2022). Influence of global rankings on strategic planning from the perspective of decision‐makers: A case study of a Chilean research university. Higher Education Quarterly, 76(3), 638–652. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12333

License

CCBY 4.0
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

This work is openly licensed — share and adapt freely with attribution to the authors and the journal. View license terms ↗

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
§ 06 — Related

Similar articles in this journal

Related peer-reviewed studies published in this journal.
View all issues