Skip to content
Currere and Praxis
e‑ISSN 3065-4572 Open Access · CC BY 4.0
Vol. 3 · Issue 3 · 2026 Oct 1, 2026 Special Issue: 50th Anniversary of Currere

Exploring miseducation and education: Arriving at a parental engagement tutoring continuum through a currere, duoethnography, and arts-based reflexivity inquiry

SJ
Sandra Jack-Malik Cape Breton University Canada
JK
Janet L. Kuhnke Corresponding Cape Breton University janet_kuhnke@cbu.ca Canada
Pages253-271 PublishedOct 1, 2026 LicenseOpen Access
PDF
VOL 3 · ISS 3 · 2026 Special Issue: 50th anniversary of Currere View issue

Abstract

This article describes an inquiry between a literacy tutor and a nurse-researcher. Using three interwoven research methodologies: currere, duoethnography and arts-based reflexivity, the researchers sought to understand complex tensions that resulted when parents’ engagement in the tutoring failed to meet the tutor’s expectations. The work is grounded in Dewey’s (1938) theory of experience and a narrative understanding of stories. Working through Pinar’s four moments of currere while engaging in dialogic and dangerous conversations, the authors came to understand how unexamined assumptions and expectations resulted in minimal progress and the reinforcement of limiting metanarratives. The authors engaged in ongoing arts-based reflexive practices, where they created art and shared it to understand the other’s perspective while imagining up more educative and inclusive tutoring. Slowly, through time, working within the three intertwined methodologies and grounded in the trust of their relationship, Janet asked thoughtful and often dangerous questions. She also shared her experience of developing and living out best practices within diabetes-related wound and foot care within communities. This led to the consideration of a parental engagement tutoring continuum. A continuum that allows parents to enter the tutoring and contribute as they choose and as trust develops. By unlearning pedagogical certainties and by challenging assumptions and expectations, tutoring spaces were created where learning is more likely to occur and where parental involvement is routinely welcomed, encouraged, and celebrated.

Keywords

References

  1. Armbruster, B. B., Lehr, F., & Osborn, J. (2006). A child becomes a reader: Proven ideas from research for parents. Kindergarten through grade 3 (3rd ed., pp. 1–48). National Institute for Literacy.
  2. Çalışkan, E. F., & Ulaş, A. H. (2022). The effect of parent-involved reading activities on primary school students’ reading comprehension skills, reading motivation, and attitudes toward reading. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 14(4), 509–524. https://doi.org/10.26822/iejee.2022.260 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26822/iejee.2022.260
  3. Clandinin, D. J. (2013). Engaging in narrative inquiry. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315429618 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315429618
  4. Clandinin, D. J., & Rosiek, J. (2007). Mapping a landscape of narrative inquiry: Borderland spaces and tensions. In D. J. Clandinin (Ed.), Handbook of narrative inquiry: Mapping a methodology (pp. 35–76). SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452226552.n2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452226552.n2
  5. Clandinin, D. J., Caine, V., & Lessard, S. (2018). The relational ethics of narrative inquiry. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315268798 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315268798
  6. Davies, B. (1994). Poststructural theory and classroom practices. Deakin University Press.
  7. Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and education. Free Press.
  8. Dewey, J. (1981). The later works, 1925–1953 (Vol. 1, Experience and Nature; J. A. Boydston, Ed.). Southern Illinois University Press.
  9. Docherty-Skippen, S., & Beattie, K. (2018). Duoethnography as a dialogic and collaborative form of curriculum inquiry for resident professionalism and self-care education. Canadian Medical Education Journal, 9(3), e76–e82. https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.42981 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.42981
  10. Estefan, A., Caine, V., & Clandinin, D. J. (2016). At the intersections of narrative inquiry and professional education. Narrative Works, 6(1), 1–15.
  11. Etherington, K. (2004). Becoming a reflexive researcher. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  12. Finlay, L. (2005). Reflexive embodied empathy: A phenomenology of participant-researcher intersubjectivity. The Humanistic Psychologist, 33(4), 271–292. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15473333thp3304_4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15473333thp3304_4
  13. Finlay, L. (2012). Five lenses for the reflexive practitioner. In J. F. Gubrium, J. A. Holstein, A. B. Marvasti, & K. D. McKinney (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of interview research: The complexity of the craft (pp. 317–331). SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218403.n23 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218403.n23
  14. Finlay, L. (2017). Championing reflexivities. Qualitative Psychology, 4(2), 120–125. https://doi.org/10.1037/qup0000075 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/qup0000075
  15. Frankl, V. E. (1963). Man’s search for meaning. Pocket Books.
  16. Frye, M. (1983). The politics of reality: Essays in feminist theory. The Crossing Press.
  17. Government of Nova Scotia. (2024). Mental health and addictions: Community wellness framework. https://beta.novascotia.ca/sites/default/files/documents/1-3703/community-wellness-framework-en.pdf
  18. Greene, M. (1995). Releasing the imagination: Essays on education, the arts, and social change. Jossey-Bass.
  19. Greene, M. (2001). Variations on a blue guitar. Teachers College Press.
  20. Grumet, M. (2015). Toward a poor curriculum. In W. F. Pinar & M. Grumet (Eds.), Toward a poor curriculum (3rd ed., pp. 84–112). Educators’ International Press.
  21. Habibie, P., & Sawyer, R. D. (Eds.). (2025). Reflexive and reflective research approaches in applied linguistics. John Benjamins. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/rmal.8
  22. Hernandez, D. J. (2011). Double jeopardy: How third-grade reading skills and poverty influence high school graduation (pp. 1–15). https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED518818.pdf
  23. Jack-Malik, S. (2018). Stories, curriculum making, and tension as support for identity shifts: A narrative inquiry. LEARNing Landscapes, 11(2), 199–210. https://doi.org/10.36510/learnland.v11i2.957 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36510/learnland.v11i2.957
  24. Jack-Malik, S., & Kuhnke, J. L. (2019). Currere, collaboration, and our tenure track journey. The Currere Exchange Journal, 3(1), 18–30.
  25. Khumairoh, I. S. (2023). The effect of parental tutoring on student learning. Frontiers in Education Technology, 6(4), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.22158/fet.v6n4p41 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22158/fet.v6n4p41
  26. Kuhnke, J. L. (2020). Art-based activities and adverse events: An autobiographical inquiry. European Journal for Qualitative Research in Psychotherapy, 10, 82–92. https://doi.org/10.24377/EJQRP.article2995
  27. Kuhnke, J. L. (2021). Reflexivity and an arts-based inquiry during COVID times. European Journal for Qualitative Research in Psychotherapy, 11, 13–21.
  28. Kuhnke, J. L., Burrows, C. A., Evans, R. M., Orsted, H. L., & Rosenthal, S. (Eds.). (2025). Best practice recommendations for skin health and wound management 2025. Wounds Canada. https://doi.org/10.56885/HJWE4829 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56885/HXLA9381
  29. Kuhnke, J. L., Jack-Malik, S. (2019). Two-eyed seeing, arts-based reflection and wide awakeness: Reflexivity tools for nursing practitioners working across cultures. European Journal for Qualitative Research in Psychotherapy, 9, 48–59.
  30. Kuhnke, J. L., Jack-Malik, S., & Dann, L. (2021). Be silent, flee, or be courageous: Currere and duoethnography. The Currere Exchange Journal, 5(1), 22–35. https://cej.lib.miamioh.edu/index.php/CEJ/article/view/76/78
  31. Kuhnke, J. L., Keast, D. H., Evans, R., Rosenthal, S., & McSwiggan, J. (2023). Education, research barriers and solutions to the implementation of best practice in diabetes-related foot care, footwear and wound care: A qualitative inquiry. Limb Preservation Journal, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.56885/mukr8231 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56885/MUKR8231
  32. Kuhnke, J. L., Maxwell, S., & Walsh, A. (2023). Promoting foot care and footwear in the community: A case study. Limb Preservation Journal, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.56885/gtur4567 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56885/GTUR4567
  33. Le Fevre, D. M., & Sawyer, R. D. (2012). Dangerous conversations: Understanding the space between silence and communication. In J. Norris, R. D. Sawyer, & D. Lund (Eds.), Duoethnography: Dialogic methods for social, health, and educational research (pp. 261–287). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315430058
  34. Leavy, P. (2018). Handbook of arts-based research. Guilford Press.
  35. Lyotard, J.-F. (1984). The postmodern condition: A report on knowledge (G. Bennington & B. Massumi, Trans.). University of Minnesota Press. (Original work published 1979) DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1772278
  36. Merleau-Ponty, M. (1962). Phenomenology of perception (C. Smith, Trans.). Routledge. (Original work published 1945)
  37. Moats, L. C. (2020). Teaching reading is rocket science (2020 ed.). American Federation of Teachers. https://www.aft.org/sites/default/files/moats.pdf
  38. Nickow, A., Oreopoulos, P., & Quan, V. (2024). The promise of tutoring for preK–12 learning: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the experimental evidence. American Educational Research Journal, 61(1), 74–107. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312231208687 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312231208687
  39. Norris, J., & Greenlaw, J. (2012). Responding to our muses: A duoethnography on becoming writers. In J. Norris, R. D. Sawyer, & D. Lund (Eds.), Duoethnography: Dialogic methods for social, health, and educational research (pp. 89–114). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315430058
  40. Norris, J., Sawyer, R. D., & Lund, D. (Eds.). (2012). Duoethnography: Dialogic methods for social, health, and educational research. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315430058
  41. Orton-Gillingham Academy. (2020). Tips for parents navigating online learning. https://www.ortonacademy.org/for-parents/resources-for-parents/
  42. Pinar, W. F. (2012). What is curriculum theory? (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410609793 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410609793
  43. Pinar, W. F., & Grumet, M. (2014). Toward a poor curriculum (3rd ed.). Educators’ International Press.
  44. Reiss, K. (2012). Be a changemaster. Corwin.
  45. Riddell, J. (2018). Using productive disruption in higher education. University Affairs.
  46. Sawyer, R. D., & Norris, J. (2012). Why duoethnography: Thoughts on the dialogues. In J. Norris, R. D. Sawyer, & D. Lund (Eds.), Duoethnography: Dialogic methods for social, health, and educational research (pp. 289–306). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315430058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315430058
  47. Shaywitz, S. E. (1998). Dyslexia. The New England Journal of Medicine, 338(5), 307–312. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199801293380507 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199801293380507
  48. Sieburth, R. (1936). The shoe repairer’s manual. Gill Publications.
  49. Stanovich, K. E. (1986). Matthew effects in reading: Some consequences of individual differences in the acquisition of literacy. Reading Research Quarterly, 21(4), 360–407. https://doi.org/10.1598/RRQ.21.4.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1598/RRQ.21.4.1
  50. Svarnyk, M. (2014, May 23). Merleau-Ponty on color perception and bodily attitude (motor and posture) [Blog post]. https://msvarnyk.wordpress.com/2014/05/23/merleau-ponty-on-color-perception-and-bodily-attitude-motor-and-postural/
  51. Tinpay, A. O., Seno, R., Fernandez, D. D., Samillano, J., & Tirol, S. L. (2021). Exploring student reading comprehension and parental intervention: A literature review. IEOR International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 3(4), 189–199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54476/iimrj220
  52. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
  53. Walsh, A., & Kuhnke, J. L. (2024). Prioritizing the prevention of diabetic foot disease: We each have a role to play. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 56(1), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/08445621231206982 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/08445621231206982

License

CCBY 4.0
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

This work is openly licensed — share and adapt freely with attribution to the authors and the journal. View license terms ↗

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
§ 06 — Related

Similar articles in this journal

Related peer-reviewed studies published in this journal.
View all issues